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Ordenanzas for string manufacurers

1615.05.21

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Document Date Century City Province
Ordenanzas for string manufacurers 1615.05.21 17cent/1/early Lisboa Portugal
Summary

The ordinance from Lisbon from 1615 setting out the rules and regulations for makers of strings for vihuelas, both plucked and bowed. It gives details of the way that makers are examined for admission to the guild, as well as providing details of materials, the types of strings, their diameter, etc. and a series of other clauses governing correct and ethical behavious and commercial practice.


Document type Subject Siglum Archive name Call no.
archival document
Original text

No mes de Janeiro de cada hum anno os offiçiaes de fazer cordas de violas e os violeiros que de as fazer forem examinados, se ajuntaraõ em huma casa que elles para isso ordenarem e os juizes que entaõ acabaõ com seu escriuaõ daraõ juramento dos sanctos evangelhos a todos os que presente forem que bem e verdadeiramente sem odio nem affeiçaõ dee cada hum sua voz a dous homens que quelle anno haõ de seruir de juizes e examinadores do dito offiçio - ss - hum offiçial do dito offiçio de fazer cordas e a hum violeiro que de as fazer for examinado. E naõ hauendo en cada hum dos ditos offiçios hum official que seia suffiçiente para ser juiz em tal caso se faraõ ambos os juizes de qualquer banda dos ditos offiçios ou ambos cordoeiros, ou ambos violeiros que seiaõ examinados de fazer cordas. E sendo assi dado juramento aos ditos offiçiaes, os ditos juízes com o escriuaõ se apartaraõ para hum cabo da dita casa onde teraõ posta huma mesa, e asy preguntaraõ a cada hum dos ditos offiçiaes per si sob cargo do dito juramento que reçeberaõ, a quem daõ sua voz. E o que cada hum disser en segredo o escriuaõ o escreuera: e acabado assi de perguntar os ditos offiçíaes elles juízes alimparaõ a pauta com o dito escriuaõ e en outro papel poeraõ per letra aquelles dous offiçiaes que mais votos teuerem para aquelle anno seruirem de juizes e examinadores do dito offíçio.
1. E no dito dia que elegeraõ os ditos juizes elegeraõ outro offiçial por escriuaõ para seruir aquelle anno com os juizes. E assi mesmo elegeraõ hum offiçial do mesmo offiçio para comprador que compre os fios no curral. E os reparta pellos offiçiaes. E depois de os dito offiçiaes assi serem eleitos araõ aa [f. 160v] Camara para lhe ser dado juramento dos sanctos evangelhos que bem e verdadeiramente siruaõ seus cargos e para os assentarem no liuro da Camara com he costume. E aquelles juizes e examinadores, comprador e escriuaõ que com esta solenidade naõ forem eleitos naõ usaraõ dos ditos cargos sob pena de qualquer que o contrario fezer do tronco pagar mil reis a metade para as obras da cidade e a outra para quem o accusar.
2. E nenhuma pessoa assi homem como molber e assi natural como estramgeiro que do dito offiçio quiser usar o poderaa fazer sem primeiro ser examinado pelos ditos examinadores que para isso saõ eleitos. O qual exame se faraa em casa de hum dos ditos examinadores que elles entre si ordenarem a que elles seraõ presentes, para que vejaõ se o tal offiçial faz obra conueniente per que mereça ser aprouado. E o examinador en cuja casa se fezer o exame daraa liuremente toda a louça .e aparelho que for neçessario para se fazer o dito exame.
3. E todo o offiçial qúe do dito offiçio de fazer cordas quiser usar saberaa muy bem laurar e cortir em decoadas limpas e bem temperadas de tal maneira que naõ sejaõ taõ fortes que as queimem nem taõ brandas que apodreçaõ nellas: as quaes decoadas se faraõ sempre em casa do examinador em cuja casa se faz o exame.
Item saberaa fazer hum maço de cordas delgadas muito · bem cortida em decoadas muito limpas e bem temperadas de maneira que despois de feitas sejaõ muito rijas e boas.
Item saberaa fazer grosso para tanger assi violas de maõ como violas de arco. E arpas en que entraraõ quartas de dous fios ate boardaõ de vinte fios acrescentando na grossura dous fios a cada corda. O qual grosso se traçeraa na roda ate bordaõ de dous fios que naõ tenha noo algum. E outro se faraa nos cambos de pedaços muito bem feito e torcido de tal maneira que despois de . acabado fique muito igual sem lombo nenhum nem outro algum defeito como convem para tanger.
[f. 161] Item saberaa fazer húm bordaõ para cutelleiro de cem fios de grossura e huã corda para torneiro de cincoenta fios e outra para sombreireiro de dezasseis fios. E estas tres cordas com todas as mais que se fezerem nos cambros seraõ todas feitas de pedaços que os ditos examinadores lhe apartaraõ para isso. as quaes seraõ muito bem lauradas e poidas de maneira que despois de acabadas naõ aleuantem ponta alguã nem tenhaõ lombo per onde se cortem nem outro algum defeito.
4. E aos que as taes cordas souberem fazer perfeitamente lhes passaraõ sua carta de examinacaõ assinada pelos examinadores feita pelo escriuaõ de seu cargo. A qual leuaraõ Camara para la ser vista e confirmada e se registrar no Livro em que as tres cartas se registraõ.
5. Daqual examinaçaõ o offiçial que se assim examinar pagara a trezentos reais e sendo estrangeiro seiscentos reais de que seraõ as duas partes para as despesas do offiçio e a terça parte para os examinadores.
6. E.qualquer offiçial que dito offiçio usar sem primeiro ser examinadó da maneira sobredita seraa preso e da cadea onde jaraa quinze dias pagaraa dous mil reais a metade para as obras da çidade e a outra para quem o accusar.
7. E quaedo algum .offiçial do dito offiçio se poser a examinar senaõ souber fazer o que se conteem em seu exame os ditos examinadores o naõ examinaraõ e lhe mandaraõ que vaa aprender e do dia que se poser aa tal examinaçaõ a dous meses o naõ tornaraõ a examinar e passados os ditos dous meses entaõ se poderaa poer outra vez a examinaçaõ e sendo apto lhe passaraõ sua carta e naõ o sendo o tomaraõ outra vez a mandar aprender outros dous meses. E assim o faraõ tantas vezes quantas acharem [f. 161v] que naõ sabe fazer como deve o
que se conteem em seu exame. E os examinadores que o assim naõ fizerem e antes do dito tempo o tomarem a examminar pagaraõ dous mil reais a metade para a çidade e a outra para quem os accusar.
8. E sendo caso que os ditos examinadores fauorauelmente ou por peita ou por qualquer respeito ou maliçia derem por suffiçientes aquelles que o nâõ forem e lhes derem lugar que ponhaõ tenda da cadea onde estaraõ trinta dias pagaraaa quatro mil reis a metade para a cidade e a outra para quem os accusar.
9. E os examinadores do dito offiçío naõ examinaraõ seus filhos, parentes, cunhados, ou criados. E quando qualquer dos sobreditos se quiser examinar faraa petiçaõ aa Camara para lhe ser dado hum dos juizes do anno passado qual

aa cidade bem pareçer para o examinar em lugar do examinador suspeito. E qualquer dos examinagores que o estrangeiro fezer pagaraa dous mil reais a metade para as obras da cidade e a outra para quem o accusar. E a tal examinaçaõ naõ seraa valiosa.
10. E seraõ avisados os ditos examinaores que nenhum per si soo examine offiçial algum senaõ ambos juntos sob a mesma pena.
11. E mandaõ que nenhum offiçial faça cordas algumas de vista de fios de ouelhás nem de cabras nem de bodes, mas todas as que fezerem assim delgadas como grossas seieõ de fios de carneiro. nem as faraõ fendidas. E o que o contrario fizer pagaraa mil reais a metade para as obras da çidade e a outra para quem o accusar. E as cordas seraõ queimadas-corno falsas e enganosas.
[f.162] 12. Todalas Cordas que fezerem para tanger assim delgadas como grossas andaraõ tam limpas nas decoadas que despois defeitas naõ tenhaõ cheiro algum mao de mal cortidas ou mal passadas. E seraõ todas feitas em verdideiras de um comprimento que tenha cada huma tres varas de comprido. E todas as outras cordas grossas de qualquer maneira que seiaõ que naõ forem para tangerem com ellas seraõ de seis varas de medir de comprido cada huma, e o maço dás cordas teraa çem trastos cada hum e o offiçial a que forem achadas de menos comprimento, ou maços de menos trastes pagaraa mil reais a metade para as obras da cidade e a outra para quem o accusar e perderaa às cordas que se aplicaran para a misericordia.
E porque as mais pessoas que o dito offiçio usaõ saõ molheres e seraa Jnconueniente naõ se acharem homens que seiaõ juízes e examinadores para metter o offiçio cm ordem, mandaõ que daqui em diante quando alguma molher casada com violeiro se quiser examinar do dito offício de fazer cordas naõ vse delle sem seu marido ser tambem examinado. E·a que o contrdrío fezer pagaraa mil reaes a metade para as obras da Cidade e a outra para quem a accusar. E todas as mais rnolheres assim solteiras como casadas poderaõ ser examinadas e usar do dito offiçio liuremente, ajnda que seus maridos naõ seiaõ delle examinados.
13. E os juízes do dito oflicio teraõ cargo de trinta em trinta dias visitar as tendas dos offíçiaís .e assim -as dos tendeiros que vendem cordas e. fazer correiçaõ com o escríuaõ e assim todas as mais vezes que necessario lhes pareçer e as cordas que acharem que naõ saõi feitas corno devem tomaraõ e levaraõ aos almotacees para se fazer nisso o que for justiça, E se dar o castigo ao offiçial conforme a culpa que foe achada. E esta diligençia faraõ sem odio nem affeiçaõ nem outro algum modo ou espeçie de maliçia e os juizes que nas ditas cordas engano e falsidade acharem e a dessimularem per qualquer via que seia e naõ fezerem diligencia para se fazer a dita execuçaõ contra os culpados pagaraõ dez cruzados a metade para a cidade e a outra para quem os accusar.
14. E·mandaõ aos offiçiaes do dito officio·que quando quer os ditos juizes chegarem a suas tendas para lhas visitarem lhes obedeçaõ a lhes mostrem as cordas que teuerem para verem se algumas malfeitas e como naõ deuem para
se fazer nellas execuçaõ sob pena de qualquer que desobediencia que o tal offiçial commetter contra os ditos juízes ou qualquer delles o dito escrivaõ faraa auto e o leuaraa aa camara para se nella ver e mandar o que for justica.
[f. l62v] l5. E'.para que antre os offiçiaes do dito offiçio naõ aja differença sobre o comprar dos fios no curral. Mandas que o comprador que elegerem os reparta entre todos igoalmente, A qual repartiçaõ faraa quatro vezes cada dia aas horas que todos assentarem entre si per maneira que aja entre elles aja concordia e qualquer offiçial que leuar os ditos fios sem partilha e sem liçença do comprador para os leuar sem partilha pagaraa dous mil reais a metade para a cidade e a outra para quem o accusar e o comprador que leuar mais fios dos que lhe couberem em seu quinhaõ pagaraa a dita pena em dobro.
16. E nenhum offiçial do dito offiçio que naõ usar posto que examinado seia poderaa hauer quinhaõ das ditas cordas nem trespassalo a outro e o que o contrario fezer pagaraa a pena acima dita.
17. E porque saõ informados que alguns offiçiaes do dito offíçio mandaõ de noite de [xxxxxx lxxxxxxx]ar os ditos fios escondidamente e os leuaõ sem partilha de tal maneira que huns senaõ tudo e outros nada. Mandaõ a. todos os esfoladores que nenhum venda fios alguns aos ditos offiçiaes nem a criados seus nem lhos guardem escondidamente para que os leuem sem partir e os daraõ todos ao comprador para que os parta entre todos os offiçiaes ígoalmente como dito he a qualquer esfolador que os vender a algum dos outros offiçiaes pagaraa do tronco dous mil reais a metade para as obras da cidade e a outra para quem o accusar.
18. E porque os dito offiçiaes se quexauaõ que os esfoladores lhes partaõ os fios no curral de noite e lhes faziaõ de cada fio dous e lhes mesturauaõ fios de ovelhas e bodes como os de carneiro e lhos vendiaõ todos por de carneiro. Mandaõ que nenhum esfolador/ sela tam ousado [f. 163] que parta nem mesture fios alguns que os de carneiro e os tire inteiros como sempre se costumou. e qualquer que os partir ou mesturar como dito he de tronco pagaraa dous mil reais a metade para-as obras da cidade e a outra para quem o accusar. e a mesma pena haveraõ os offiçiaes do dito offiçio triparas esfolladores que tirarem pontas ou as consentirem tirar.
19. E qualquer offiçial que for chamado por parte dos ditos juizes para algum ajuntamento ou para ver algumas cordas sobre que aja differença e for reuel e naõ vier pagaraa dozentos reais para as despesas do dito offiçio em a qual pena os mesmos juízes, o condenaraõ dando lhes fee o escriuaõ do dito offiçío, ou outro qualquer que requereo o tal offiçial sob a dita pena que viesse perante os ditos juizes. e a mesma pena haveraõ·os juizes ou cada hum delles que sendo chamados para algum ajuntamento naõ vierem.
20. E nenhum offiçial do dito offiçial seraa taõ ousado que tome nem recolha em sua casa aprendiz nem obreiro que estiuer do outro offiçial em quanto durar o tempo que o tal obreiro ou aprendiz for obrigado a estar como seu amo. nem lhe fallara nem mandara fallar per outrem, sob pena de qualquer que o contrario fezer pagar dous mil reais a metade para as obras da cidade e a outra para quem o accusar, e o tal obreiro ou aprendiz tornaraa para casa de seu amo.
21. E per este mandaõ aos almotacees das execuçoes meirinho da cidade e alcaides della que hora saõ e ao diante forem que sendo requeridos pelos ditos juizes por alguma cousas que seia neçessaria para comprimento e execuçaõ do que toca a este regimento lhes acudaõ com diligençia e faças nisso justiça:
[f. 163v] 22. E mandaõ outrosi a qualqeer porteiro do conçelho e homens / dos alcaides desta cidade que sendo requeridos pelos ditos examinadores para fazerem alguma execuçaõ de tença ou mandado dos almotaçees, ou qualquer outra que outro si toque a comprimento e execuçaõ deste regimento o cumpraõ e lhes seraõ obedientes. e naõ o fazendo assi a çidade lhes daraa por isso o castigo que merecerem:
Aos vinte e hum dias do mes de maio de mil seiscentos e quinze annos nesta cidade de lisboa na camara da vereaçaõ della sendo presentes o presidente vereadores procuradores da cidade e mesteres della e francisco Rabello juiz do civil, e martim pereira juiz do crime e abaixo asignados por todos foi asentado e fixado taxa e postura que da publicaçaõ deste em diante naõ valha mais cada fio de carneiros que tres reais e cada fio de cubarros que real e meo de cada fio de cucio dous reais, sob pena de quem o contrario fizer e por mores preços vender os ditos fios, pagar da cadea dous cruzados a metade e para as obras da cidade, e a outra para quem os acusar de que os mandou fazer esta postura, e acrescentares este capitaõ a este regimento dos que fazem cordas de viola para se guardar e cumprir e lançar esta taxa no livro das posturas e titulo dellas, e esta se apregoara pellos lugares publicas e costumados pera uir a noticia de todos se dara a execuçaõ, fernaõ borges o screui,

People mentioned
Notes

This material was provided by Mimmo Peruffo as scanned pages from a modern book, currently unidentified. Mimmo Peruffo also provided an English translation of the document, which needs revision to make it more accurate, but that provides a good rough translation. This is included below, in this field.

I have to hunt down the source of this document [JG 9/12/2016]

In January of each year, artisans specialized in making viola strings, and viola players that use those strings will be examined while reunited in a property chosen for that purpose. And judges, along with the scrivener, shall give the holy oath of Saints to all of those who are present, without any form of hate or affection, giving their voices to both men who, in that given year, will serve as judges and examiners of such trade - ss - an artisan specialized in the trade of making viola strings and a viola player that will be examined. In the absence of an appropriate artisan to be the judge in such case, both will be judges of any band of such trade or both stringmakers, or both viola players, which will be examined in their abilities of making strings. In that way, when the artisans receive the oath, the judges and the scrivener will take separate places within the house, where there will be a table set, and they will ask each of the artisans under that oath whom they’ll give their voice to. Whatever they say in confidence will be written by the scrivener. And when they finish asking questions, the artisans and the judges will set the agenda with the scrivener, and in another piece of paper they’ll write down the name of both artisans that received the majority of votes. In that year, these men will be judges or examiners of such trade.
1. In that day, when judges are elected, another artisan will be elected as scrivener to serve that year with the judges. Even then, they’ll elect an artisan of the same kind to buy the strings in the curral (the buyer), which will be shared by the artisans. After the artisans are elected, they’ll go to the [f. 160V] City Council to receive the holy oath of Saints and to state in the book of the City Council that they will serve their roles. And those judges, examiners, buyer and scrivener that, in such ceremony, are not elected, shall not serve this function. The forfeiter will be punished with a fine of a thousand réis, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses him.
2. And no person, man or woman, native or foreigner, that such trade wishes to exercise, will be allowed to do it without being evaluated by the elected examiners. This examination will take place in the property of one of the examiners, so that they can evaluate if the artisan can make an adequate work that deserves approval. And the examiner who owns the property where the examination is taking place will provide all the required silverware and accessories for such exam.
3. And every artisan who wishes to exercise such trade of making strings will have to know how to polish and tan and put into lye, in such a way that the strings are not so strong as to burn, neither so smooth as to rot. The lye putting will be always executed in the house of the examiner, where the examination takes place.
One shall know how to make a bundle of strings that are thin and well-tanned, put into lye, clean and hardened, in such a way that, when they’re finished, they are very stiff and good.
One shall know how to make the strings thick enough to make manual violas like arch violas as well as harps that will use quarters made of two strings and bourdons made of twenty strings, adding two lines to the thickness of each string. Such thickness will be entangled in the wheel to the bourdon made of two strings that has no knots. And another will be made in pieces very well-made and twisted in such a way that, after it’s finished, they are precisely equal, not being too long or with another type of defect.
[F. 161] One shall know how to make a button for cutler with a hundred thick strings and a string for turner with fifty strings, and another one for sombrereiro with sixteen strings. These three strings and every other one that are made in the chambers shall be made of pieces separated by the examiners. They shall be very well-polished in a way that, after finished, they’ll present no points or projections that may cause cuts, neither other kinds of defects.
4. And for those who know how to make such strings in a perfect manner, they shall pass in the examination with a letter signed by the examiners and by the scrivener of the trade. This letter will be taken to the City Council to be seen, verified and registered in the book that will contain those three letters.
5. For such examination, the examined artisan will pay three hundred reais and, if he’s a foreigner, six hundred reais, being two parts destined to the trade expenses and the third part for the examiners.
6. And any artisan that exercises such trade without first being examined as previously described shall be put in prison for fifteen days, in addition to paying two thousand reais, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses him.
7. And if the examined artisan doesn’t show aptitude and proper skills to perform exactly what is described in his examination, the examiners will not evaluate him and will sent him to learn. He shall not be examined again until two months have passed. After those two months, a new examination will be performed and, if the artisan is considered able, he’ll receive his letter and, if not, he’ll be sent again to learn the trade for another two months. And it shall proceed in this manner for as many times the examiners see [f. 161v] fit. The examiners that don’t comply with that and evaluate the artisan again before two months have passed shall pay two thousand reais, being half for the town and another half for the one who accuses them.
8. When the examiners, for bribe or maliciousness, approve those who are not qualified, they shall be put in prison for thirty days, in addition to paying four thousand réis, being half for the town and the other half for the one who accuses them.
9. The examiners of this trade shall not examine their children, relatives, in-laws or servants. When any of those aforementioned wishes to be examined, they shall make a request at the City Council to be examined by one of the judges from the previous year. Any of the examiners that do no such thing shall pay two thousand reais, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses him. And the examination at issue shall be considered null.
10. And such examiners shall be advised that they should not examine an artisan for themselves, only when both are together, being subject to the same punishment.
11. No artisan shall make a string with sheep hair, nor goat hair. Every string that they make, thin or thick, shall be made of lamb hair. And they shall not make them forked. Those who do no such thing will pay one thousand reais, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses them. And those strings shall be considered false and deceptive, and they’ll all be burned.
[f. 162] 12. Every string destined to play, thin or thick, will be so clean when put into lye that after being undone they shall have no smell that makes them seem badly tanned. They shall all be made in verdideiras, and they shall be three sticks long each. And all the other thick strings that, in any way, are not adequate to play, shall be six sticks long each, and the bundle of strings shall have a hundred pieces each, and the artisan that makes them shorter or that makes bundles with less pieces shall pay a thousand reais, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses him, in addition to lose the strings that shall be left to mercy.
And because some people who exercise such trade are women, when it’s inconvenient to find men that are judges and examiners to put the trade in order, from now on, when a woman married to a viola player wishes to be examined in the trade of making strings, she shall not be examined unless her husband be examined as well. Those who do no such thing shall pay a thousand reais, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses him. And all the other women, single or married, shall be examined and exercise this trade freely, even if their husbands are not examined for that as well.
13. The judges for this trade will be obliged to visit the artisans’ shops every thirty days, as well as the shoppers who sell strings, and make their corrections with the scrivener as often as necessary. And when they find strings that are not as they should be, they’ll collect them and take them to inspectors, so that they can decide what’s fair. And the artisan shall suffer the appropriate punishment for that matter. This diligence shall be made free of hate or affection, nor any kind of maliciousness. When the judges that find such strings with mistakes and defects, for any excuse, dissimulate them and make no diligence to punish the guilty shall pay ten cruzados, being half for the town and the other half for the one who accuses them.
14. When the artisans of this trade receive the judges in their tents, they shall obey them and show them the strings they have, so that the judges can see if some of them are inappropriate. Anyone who disobey this command will be subject to the punishment that seem fit, and any insubordination of the artisan against the judges or any of them shall be registered by the scrivener and taken to the City Council to determine the punishment.
[f. 162v] 15. Among the artisans of this trade there shall be no difference regarding the purchase of strings in curral. The chosen buyer shall divide the purchase equally among them all. This division shall be made four times each day, in a way that everyone agrees. And any artisan that provide strings without division or approval from the buyer, or that give more to the scrapers than to the buyer as to violate the division shall pay two thousand reais, being half for the town and the other half for the one who accuses him. And the buyer who purchase more strings that were agreed for this matter shall pay the double of the aforementioned fine.
16. Any artisan of such trade that doesn’t use the position for which he was examined shall have no string and shall not pass his position along, and those who do such thing shall pay the aforementioned punishment.
17. It is said that some artisans of this trade use the night [trecho ilegível] to violate the division in such a manner that some receive everything and some receive none. No scraper shall sell strings to such artisans nor their servants, and they shall not keep them hiding as to violate the division, but shall give them all to the buyer, who will then divide them equally among the artisans, as already mentioned. And any scraper that sells to any of the other artisans shall pay two thousand reais, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses him.
18. Some artisans have complained that the scrapers divide their strings in the curral during the night and split each string in two, then they mix goat and sheep strings with the lamb ones, selling all of them as being lamb strings. For this reason, no scraper shall be that audacious [f. 163] splitting or mixing the strings, but shall use them entirely as it has always been. Those who do such thing shall pay two thousand reais, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses him. The same punishment the artisans of this trade shall apply to the scrapers that remove tips or consent with their removal.
19. Any artisan who is called by the judges to a gathering or to see some strings that present some kind of difference and doesn’t show up shall pay two hundred reais for the expenses of such trade, in which the punishment shall be determined by the same judges and be certified by the scrivener of the trade. The same punishment shall apply for the judges that are asked for a gathering and don’t show up.
20. No artisan of such trade will be so audacious as to take in his house an apprentice or laborer from another artisan for as long as this apprentice or laborer is obliged to stay with his master. Nor shall he speak or tell him to speak for somebody else, under the punishment of paying two thousand reais for those who do such thing, being half for the works in town and another half for the one who accuses him. Besides, the laborer or apprentice shall return to his master’s house.
21. The inspector of the city, from the moment he’s required by such judges for any reason necessary to the fulfilment and execution of what concerns this regiment, shall help him diligently and make justice:
[f. 163v] 22. If any doorkeeper of the council and men/alcaide of this town is required by such examiners to comply with some execution or command of the inspectors or any other responsible for the fulfilment and execution of this regiment shall obey, and when they don’t, the town will apply the appropriate punishment.
May 21st, 1615, City of Lisbon, Town Council, in the presence of the President, members of the Town Council, attorneys of the town, masters and Francisco Rabello, Civil Judge, and Martim Pereira, Criminal Judge, and signed below by everyone involved. As of this publication, it is determined that each lamb string shall not be worth more than three reais, and one and a half real for each string of cubarros, and two reais for each cucio string, under the punishment for those who violate this rule and oversell those strings shall be put in prison and pay two cruzados, being half for the works in town and the other half for the one who accuses him. This Captain shall add to this regiment the ones that make viola strings to be kept and complied, as determined in the book of rules, which will be spread across public places in town so that everyone hears the news.
Fernão Borges, scrivener.

Bibliography